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'{{Infobox military conflict | conflict = Capture of Malta | partof = the [[Second Punic War]] | image = SICILIA 218 AC.png | image_size = 300 | caption = Naval operations around Sicily in 218 BC | date = 218 BC | place = [[Melite (ancient city)]], [[Ancient Carthage|Carthaginian Empire]] | coordinates = {{Coord|35|53|N|14|27|E|region:MT_scale:300000|display=inline,title}} | territory = Malta integrated into the Roman province of [[Sicilia (Roman province)|Sicilia]] | result = Roman victory | combatant1 = [[File:Vexilloid of the Roman Empire.svg|20px]] [[Roman Republic]] | combatant2 = [[File:Carthage standard.svg|12px]] [[Ancient Carthage|Carthage]] | commander1 = [[Tiberius Sempronius Longus (consul 218 BC)|Tiberius Sempronius Longus]] | commander2 = Hamilcar, son of Gisco {{POW}} | strength1 = {{circa}} 26,000 | strength2 = {{circa}} 2,000 | casualties1 = Light | casualties2 = {{circa}} 2,000 captured and enslaved | campaignbox = {{Campaignbox Second Punic War}}{{Campaignbox Punic Wars}} }} The '''capture of Malta''' was the successful invasion of the [[Ancient Carthage|Carthaginian]] island of [[Malta (island)|Malta]] (then known as Maleth, Melite or Melita) by forces of the [[Roman Republic]] led by [[Tiberius Sempronius Longus (consul 218 BC)|Tiberius Sempronius Longus]] in the early stages of the [[Second Punic War]] in 218 BC. ==Background== Malta had been Carthaginian territory since 480 BC.<ref>{{harvnb|Castillo|2006|p=20}}</ref> During the [[First Punic War]], the island suffered a devastating raid by a Roman army under [[Gaius Atilius Regulus (consul 257 BC)|Gaius Atilius Regulus]] in 257 BC, but it remained under Carthaginian rule.<ref>{{harvnb|Castillo|2006|p=22}}</ref> When the [[Second Punic War]] broke out in 218 BC, a Carthaginian force of around 2,000 men under the command of Hamilcar, son of Gisco{{efn|Hamilcar was possibly the brother of Hasdrubal, son of Gisco.<ref>{{harvnb|Hoyos|2015|p=222}}</ref>}} garrisoned the Maltese Islands.<ref>{{harvnb|Castillo|2006|p=23}}</ref> Despite the Carthaginian defeat at the [[Battle of Lilybaeum]], the Romans were concerned that a Carthaginian-led revolt might break out in Sicily.<ref name="castillo-24">{{harvnb|Castillo|2006|p=24}}</ref> In order to prevent this, Malta – Carthage's nearest base to Sicily – had to be captured.<ref name="castillo-24"/> ==Capture== Roman Consul [[Tiberius Sempronius Longus (consul 218 BC)|Tiberius Sempronius Longus]] had over 26,000 men under his command,<ref name="castillo-24"/> and he sailed his fleet from [[Lilybaeum]] in order to capture Malta. Vastly outnumbered, Hamilcar surrendered the main city [[Melite (ancient city)|Maleth]] and his garrison to the Romans, without much of a fight. The fleet returned to Lilybaeum after a few days, where those who had been captured (with the exception of the nobles) were sold as slaves.<ref name="castillo-25">{{harvnb|Castillo|2006|p=25}}</ref> ==Analysis== The main source about the invasion is an account by [[Livy]].<ref name="castillo-25"/> The role of the Maltese inhabitants during the invasion is unclear, and some historians suggest that they might have turned over the Carthaginian garrison to the Romans.<ref name="castillo-25"/> The islands were in no position to resist the invasion, and surrendering without a fight was beneficial for the population since it spared the islands from destruction whilst also increasing the possibility for future economic gain.<ref>{{harvnb|Sagona|2015|p=264}}</ref> Archaeological evidence suggests a significant demographic continuity between the periods of Carthaginian and Roman rule of Malta.<ref>{{harvnb|Sagona|2015|p=265}}</ref> The Maltese Islands were given some degree of autonomy under Roman rule, possibly as a reward for the islanders' shift of allegiance.<ref>{{harvnb|Sagona|2015|p=266}}</ref> ==Notes== {{notelist}} ==References== {{reflist|30em}} ===Bibliography=== {{Refbegin}} *{{cite book |last1=Castillo |first1=Dennis Angelo |title=The Maltese Cross: A Strategic History of Malta |date=2006 |publisher=Greenwood Publishing Group |isbn=9780313323294 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=i5ns5LNtoiUC }} *{{cite book |editor1-last=Hoyos |editor1-first=Dexter |title=A Companion to the Punic Wars |date=2015 |publisher=John Wiley & Sons |isbn=9781119025504 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=UzJ3BwAAQBAJ }} *{{cite book |last1=Sagona |first1=Claudia |title=The Archaeology of Malta |date=2015 |publisher=Cambridge University Press |isbn=9781107006690 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=qR5TCgAAQBAJ }} {{Refend}} {{Malta topics}} {{Punic Wars navbox|state=autocollapsed}} [[Category:218 BC]] [[Category:210s BC conflicts|Malta]] [[Category:Battles of the Second Punic War|Malta]] [[Category:Invasions of Malta]] [[Category:Malta in the Roman era]]'
New page wikitext, after the edit (new_wikitext)
'{{Infobox military conflict | conflict = Capture of Malta | partof = the [[Second Punic War]] | image = SICILIA 218 AC.png | image_size = 300 | caption = Naval operations around Sicily in 218 BC | date = 218 BC | place = [[Melite (ancient city)]], [[Ancient Carthage|Carthaginian Empire]] | coordinates = {{Coord|35|53|N|14|27|E|region:MT_scale:300000|display=inline,title}} | territory = Malta integrated into the Roman province of [[Sicilia (Roman province)|Sicilia]] | result = Roman victory | combatant1 = [[File:Vexilloid of the Roman Empire.svg|20px]] [[Roman Republic]] | combatant2 = [[File:Carthage standard.svg|12px]] [[Ancient Carthage|Carthage]] | commander1 = [[Tiberius Sempronius Longus (consul 218 BC)|Tiberius Sempronius Longus]] | commander2 = Hamilcar, son of Gisco {{POW}} | strength1 = {{circa}} 26,000 | strength2 = {{circa}} 2,000 | casualties1 = Light | casualties2 = {{circa}} 2,000 captured and enslaved | campaignbox = {{Campaignbox Second Punic War}}{{Campaignbox Punic Wars}} }} The '''capture of Malta''' was the successful invasion of the [[Ancient Carthage|Carthaginian]] island of [[Malta (island)|Malta]] (then known as Maleth, Melite or Melita) by forces of the [[Roman Republic]] led by [[Tiberius Sempronius Longus (consul 218 BC)|Tiberius Sempronius Longus]] in the early stages of the [[Second Punic War]] in 218 BC. ==Background== Malta had been Carthaginian territory since 480 BC.<ref>{{harvnb|Castillo|2006|p=20}}</ref> During the [[First Punic War]], the island suffered a devastating raid by a Roman army under [[Gaius Atilius Regulus (consul 257 BC)|Gaius Atilius Regulus]] in 257 BC, but it remained under Carthaginian rule.<ref>{{harvnb|Castillo|2006|p=22}}</ref> When the [[Second Punic War]] broke out in 218 BC, a Carthaginian force of around 2,000 men under the command of Hamilcar, son of Gisco{{efn|Hamilcar was possibly the brother of Hasdrubal, son of Gisco.<ref>{{harvnb|Hoyos|2015|p=222}}</ref>}} garrisoned the Maltese Islands.<ref>{{harvnb|Castillo|2006|p=23}}</ref> Despite the Carthaginian defeat at the [[Battle of Lilybaeum]], the Romans were concerned that a Carthaginian-led revolt might break out in Sicily.<ref name="castillo-24">{{harvnb|Castillo|2006|p=24}}</ref> In order to prevent this, Malta – Carthage's nearest base to Sicily – had to be captured.<ref name="castillo-24"/> ==Capture== Roman Consul [[Tiberius Sempronius Longus (consul 218 BC)|Tiberius Sempronius Longus]] had over 26,000 men under his command,<ref name="castillo-24"/> and he sailed his fleet from [[Lilybaeum]] in order to capture Malta. Vastly outnumbered, Hamilcar surrendered the main city [[Melite (ancient city)|Maleth]] and his garrison to the Romans, without much of a fight. The fleet returned to Lilybaeum after a few days, where those who had been captured (with the exception of the nobles) were sold as slaves.<ref name="castillo-25">{{harvnb|Castillo|2006|p=25}}</ref> ==Analysis== The main source about the invasion is an account by [[Livy]].<ref name="castillo-25"/> The role of the Maltese inhabitants during the invasion is unclear, and some historians suggest that they might have turned over the Carthaginian garrison to the Romans.<ref name="castillo-25"/> The islands were in no position to resist the invasion, and surrendering without a fight was beneficial for the population since it spared the islands from destruction whilst also increasing the possibility for future economic gain.<ref>{{harvnb|Sagona|2015|p=264}}</ref> Archaeological evidence suggests a significant demographic continuity between the periods of Carthaginian and Roman rule of Malta.<ref>{{harvnb|Sagona|2015|p=265}}</ref> The Maltese Islands were given some degree of autonomy under Roman rule, possibly as a reward for the islanders' shift of allegiance.<ref>{{harvnb|Sagona|2015|p=266}}</ref> ==Notes== {{notelist}} he was a sigma ==References== {{reflist|30em}} ===Bibliography=== {{Refbegin}} *{{cite book |last1=Castillo |first1=Dennis Angelo |title=The Maltese Cross: A Strategic History of Malta |date=2006 |publisher=Greenwood Publishing Group |isbn=9780313323294 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=i5ns5LNtoiUC }} *{{cite book |editor1-last=Hoyos |editor1-first=Dexter |title=A Companion to the Punic Wars |date=2015 |publisher=John Wiley & Sons |isbn=9781119025504 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=UzJ3BwAAQBAJ }} *{{cite book |last1=Sagona |first1=Claudia |title=The Archaeology of Malta |date=2015 |publisher=Cambridge University Press |isbn=9781107006690 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=qR5TCgAAQBAJ }} {{Refend}} {{Malta topics}} {{Punic Wars navbox|state=autocollapsed}} [[Category:218 BC]] [[Category:210s BC conflicts|Malta]] [[Category:Battles of the Second Punic War|Malta]] [[Category:Invasions of Malta]] [[Category:Malta in the Roman era]]'
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.stack-margin-right{float:right;margin-left:1em}}</style><div class="stack stack-clear-right"><div><table class="infobox vevent" style="width:25.5em;border-spacing:2px;"><tbody><tr><th class="summary" colspan="2" style="background-color:#C3D6EF;text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;font-size:110%;">Capture of Malta</th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" style="background-color:#DCDCDC;text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;">Part of the <a href="/wiki/Second_Punic_War" title="Second Punic War">Second Punic War</a></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" style="text-align:center;border-bottom:1px solid #aaa;line-height:1.5em;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:SICILIA_218_AC.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/79/SICILIA_218_AC.png/300px-SICILIA_218_AC.png" decoding="async" width="300" height="348" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/79/SICILIA_218_AC.png/450px-SICILIA_218_AC.png 1.5x, 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.latitude{white-space:nowrap}</style><span class="plainlinks nourlexpansion load-gadget" data-gadget="WikiMiniAtlas"><a class="external text" href="https://geohack.toolforge.org/geohack.php?pagename=Capture_of_Malta_(218_BC)&amp;params=35_53_N_14_27_E_region:MT_scale:300000"><span class="geo-default"><span class="geo-dms" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location"><span class="latitude">35°53′N</span> <span class="longitude">14°27′E</span></span></span><span class="geo-multi-punct">&#xfeff; / &#xfeff;</span><span class="geo-nondefault"><span class="geo-dec" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location">35.883°N 14.450°E</span><span style="display:none">&#xfeff; / <span class="geo">35.883; 14.450</span></span></span></a></span></span></td></tr><tr><th style="padding-right:1em">Result</th><td class="status"> Roman victory</td></tr><tr><th style="padding-right:1em">Territorial<br />changes</th><td> Malta integrated into the Roman province of <a href="/wiki/Sicilia_(Roman_province)" title="Sicilia (Roman province)">Sicilia</a></td></tr></tbody></table></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" style="background-color:#C3D6EF;text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;font-size:110%;">Belligerents</th></tr><tr><td style="width:50%;border-right:1px dotted #aaa;"> <span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Vexilloid_of_the_Roman_Empire.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/83/Vexilloid_of_the_Roman_Empire.svg/20px-Vexilloid_of_the_Roman_Empire.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="28" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/83/Vexilloid_of_the_Roman_Empire.svg/30px-Vexilloid_of_the_Roman_Empire.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/83/Vexilloid_of_the_Roman_Empire.svg/40px-Vexilloid_of_the_Roman_Empire.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="245" data-file-height="343" /></a></span> <a href="/wiki/Roman_Republic" title="Roman Republic">Roman Republic</a></td><td style="width:50%;padding-left:0.25em"> <span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Carthage_standard.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0f/Carthage_standard.svg/12px-Carthage_standard.svg.png" decoding="async" width="12" height="29" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0f/Carthage_standard.svg/18px-Carthage_standard.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0f/Carthage_standard.svg/24px-Carthage_standard.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="210" data-file-height="503" /></a></span> <a href="/wiki/Ancient_Carthage" title="Ancient Carthage">Carthage</a></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" style="background-color:#C3D6EF;text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;font-size:110%;">Commanders and leaders</th></tr><tr><td style="width:50%;border-right:1px dotted #aaa;"> <a href="/wiki/Tiberius_Sempronius_Longus_(consul_218_BC)" title="Tiberius Sempronius Longus (consul 218 BC)">Tiberius Sempronius Longus</a></td><td style="width:50%;padding-left:0.25em"> Hamilcar, son of Gisco &#160;(<a href="/wiki/Prisoner_of_war" title="Prisoner of war"><abbr title="Prisoner of war">POW</abbr></a>)</td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" style="background-color:#C3D6EF;text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;font-size:110%;">Strength</th></tr><tr><td style="width:50%;border-right:1px dotted #aaa;"> <abbr title="circa">c.</abbr> 26,000</td><td style="width:50%;padding-left:0.25em"> <abbr title="circa">c.</abbr> 2,000</td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" style="background-color:#C3D6EF;text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;font-size:110%;">Casualties and losses</th></tr><tr><td style="width:50%;border-right:1px dotted #aaa;"> Light</td><td style="width:50%;padding-left:0.25em"> <abbr title="circa">c.</abbr> 2,000 captured and enslaved</td></tr></tbody></table><div class="navbox-styles"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1129693374">.mw-parser-output .hlist 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0.25em"> <dl><dt>Prelude</dt></dl> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Siege_of_Saguntum" title="Siege of Saguntum">Saguntum</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Rhone_Crossing" title="Battle of Rhone Crossing">Rhone</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hannibal%27s_crossing_of_the_Alps" title="Hannibal&#39;s crossing of the Alps">Crossing of the Alps</a></li></ul> <dl><dt>Italy</dt></dl> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Ticinus" title="Battle of Ticinus">Ticinus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_the_Trebia" title="Battle of the Trebia">Trebia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Siege_of_Mutina_(218_BC)" title="Siege of Mutina (218 BC)">Mutina</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Placentia_(217_BC)" title="Battle of Placentia (217 BC)">Placentia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Victumulae" title="Battle of Victumulae">Victumulae</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Lake_Trasimene" title="Battle of Lake Trasimene">Lake Trasimene</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Battle_of_Umbrian_Lake&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Battle of Umbrian Lake (page does not exist)">Umbrian Lake</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Hannibal%27s_crossing_of_the_Apennines&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Hannibal&#39;s crossing of the Apennines (page does not exist)">Crossing of the Apennines</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Ager_Falernus" title="Battle of Ager Falernus">Ager Falernus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Geronium" title="Battle of Geronium">Geronium</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Cannae" title="Battle of Cannae">Cannae</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Silva_Litana" title="Battle of Silva Litana">Silva Litana</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Nola_(216_BC)" title="Battle of Nola (216 BC)">1st Nola</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Siege_of_Nuceria_Alfaterna&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Siege of Nuceria Alfaterna (page does not exist)">Nuceria Alfaterna</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Siege_of_Casilinum_(216%E2%80%93215_BC)&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Siege of Casilinum (216–215 BC) (page does not exist)">1st Casilinum</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Battle_of_Hamae&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Battle of Hamae (page does not exist)">Hamae</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Siege_of_Petelia&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Siege of Petelia (page does not exist)">1st Petelia</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Battle_of_Cumae_(215_BC)&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Battle of Cumae (215 BC) (page does not exist)">Cumae</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Nola_(215_BC)" title="Battle of Nola (215 BC)">2nd Nola</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Beneventum_(214_BC)" title="Battle of Beneventum (214 BC)">1st Beneventum</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Nola_(214_BC)" title="Battle of Nola (214 BC)">3rd Nola</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Siege_of_Casilinum_(214_BC)&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Siege of Casilinum (214 BC) (page does not exist)">2nd Casilinum</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Battle_of_Lucania&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Battle of Lucania (page does not exist)">Lucania</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Siege_of_Arpi" title="Siege of Arpi">Arpi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Tarentum_(212_BC)" title="Battle of Tarentum (212 BC)">1st Tarentum</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Beneventum_(212_BC)" title="Battle of Beneventum (212 BC)">2nd Beneventum</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Battle_of_Campi_Veteres&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Battle of Campi Veteres (page does not exist)">Campi Veteres</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Capua" title="Battle of Capua">1st Capua</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_the_Silarus" title="Battle of the Silarus">Silarus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Herdonia_(212_BC)" title="Battle of Herdonia (212 BC)">1st Herdonia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Siege_of_Capua_(211_BC)" title="Siege of Capua (211 BC)">2nd Capua</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hannibal%27s_raid_to_Rome" class="mw-redirect" title="Hannibal&#39;s raid to Rome">Rome</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Sapriportis" title="Battle of Sapriportis">Sapriportis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Herdonia_(210_BC)" title="Battle of Herdonia (210 BC)">2nd Herdonia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Numistro" title="Battle of Numistro">Numistro</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Canusium" title="Battle of Canusium">Canusium</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Siege_of_Manduria&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Siege of Manduria (page does not exist)">Manduria</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Siege_of_Caulonia&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Siege of Caulonia (page does not exist)">Caulonia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Tarentum_(209_BC)" title="Battle of Tarentum (209 BC)">2nd Tarentum</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Battle_of_Locri_(208_BC)&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Battle of Locri (208 BC) (page does not exist)">Locri</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Petelia" title="Battle of Petelia">2nd Petelia</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Battle_of_Venusia&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Battle of Venusia (page does not exist)">Venusia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Grumentum" title="Battle of Grumentum">Grumentum</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_the_Metaurus" title="Battle of the Metaurus">Metaurus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Crotona" class="mw-redirect" title="Battle of Crotona">Crotona</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Insubria" title="Battle of Insubria">Insubria</a></li></ul> <dl><dt>Iberia</dt></dl> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Cissa" title="Battle of Cissa">Cissa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Ebro_River" title="Battle of Ebro River">Ebro River</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Ibera" title="Battle of Ibera">Ibera</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Siege_of_Illiturgis&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Siege of Illiturgis (page does not exist)">Illiturgis</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Battle_of_Munda_(214_BC)&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Battle of Munda (214 BC) (page does not exist)">Munda</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Battle_of_Orongi&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Battle of Orongi (page does not exist)">Orongi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_the_Upper_Baetis" title="Battle of the Upper Baetis">Upper Baetis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_New_Carthage" title="Battle of New Carthage">1st New Carthage</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Battle_of_Baria&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Battle of Baria (page does not exist)">Baria</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Baecula" title="Battle of Baecula">Baecula</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Ilipa" title="Battle of Ilipa">Ilipa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mutiny_at_Sucro" title="Mutiny at Sucro">Sucro</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Carteia" title="Battle of Carteia">1st Carteia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Carteia_(naval)" title="Battle of Carteia (naval)">2nd Carteia</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Battle_of_Cartagena_(206_BC)&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Battle of Cartagena (206 BC) (page does not exist)">2nd New Carthage</a></li></ul> <dl><dt>Sicily and Sardinia</dt></dl> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Lilybaeum" title="Battle of Lilybaeum">Lilybaeum</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Malta</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Decimomannu" title="Battle of Decimomannu">Decimomannu</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Battle_of_Leontini&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Battle of Leontini (page does not exist)">Leontini</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Siege_of_Syracuse_(213%E2%80%93212_BC)" title="Siege of Syracuse (213–212 BC)">Syracuse</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Battle_of_Himera_(211_BC)&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Battle of Himera (211 BC) (page does not exist)">Himera</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Siege_of_Agrigentum_(210_BC)&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Siege of Agrigentum (210 BC) (page does not exist)">Agrigentum</a></li></ul> <dl><dt>North Africa</dt></dl> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Siege_of_Utica_(204_BC)" title="Siege of Utica (204 BC)">1st Utica</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Utica_(203_BC)" title="Battle of Utica (203 BC)">2nd Utica</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_the_Great_Plains" title="Battle of the Great Plains">Great Plains</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Cirta" title="Battle of Cirta">Cirta</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Zama" title="Battle of Zama">Zama</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div><div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1061467846"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Punic_Wars" style="margin:0;float:right;clear:right;width:25.5em;margin-bottom:0.5em;margin-left:1em;;padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks navbox-vertical mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2" style="background-color:#C3D6EF;"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1063604349"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Campaignbox_Punic_Wars" title="Template:Campaignbox Punic Wars"><abbr title="View this template" style=";background-color:#C3D6EF;;background:none transparent;border:none;box-shadow:none;padding:0;">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Campaignbox_Punic_Wars" title="Template talk:Campaignbox Punic Wars"><abbr title="Discuss this template" style=";background-color:#C3D6EF;;background:none transparent;border:none;box-shadow:none;padding:0;">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Campaignbox_Punic_Wars" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Campaignbox Punic Wars"><abbr title="Edit this template" style=";background-color:#C3D6EF;;background:none transparent;border:none;box-shadow:none;padding:0;">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Punic_Wars" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><span style="line-height:1.6em"><a href="/wiki/Punic_Wars" title="Punic Wars">Punic Wars</a></span></div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/First_Punic_War" title="First Punic War">First</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mercenary_War" title="Mercenary War">Mercenary</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Second_Punic_War" title="Second Punic War">Second</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Third_Punic_War" title="Third Punic War">Third</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div></div></div> <p>The <b>capture of Malta</b> was the successful invasion of the <a href="/wiki/Ancient_Carthage" title="Ancient Carthage">Carthaginian</a> island of <a href="/wiki/Malta_(island)" title="Malta (island)">Malta</a> (then known as Maleth, Melite or Melita) by forces of the <a href="/wiki/Roman_Republic" title="Roman Republic">Roman Republic</a> led by <a href="/wiki/Tiberius_Sempronius_Longus_(consul_218_BC)" title="Tiberius Sempronius Longus (consul 218 BC)">Tiberius Sempronius Longus</a> in the early stages of the <a href="/wiki/Second_Punic_War" title="Second Punic War">Second Punic War</a> in 218 BC. </p> <div id="toc" class="toc" role="navigation" aria-labelledby="mw-toc-heading"><input type="checkbox" role="button" id="toctogglecheckbox" class="toctogglecheckbox" style="display:none" /><div class="toctitle" lang="en" dir="ltr"><h2 id="mw-toc-heading">Contents</h2><span class="toctogglespan"><label class="toctogglelabel" for="toctogglecheckbox"></label></span></div> <ul> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-1"><a href="#Background"><span class="tocnumber">1</span> <span class="toctext">Background</span></a></li> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-2"><a href="#Capture"><span class="tocnumber">2</span> <span class="toctext">Capture</span></a></li> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-3"><a href="#Analysis"><span class="tocnumber">3</span> <span class="toctext">Analysis</span></a></li> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-4"><a href="#Notes"><span class="tocnumber">4</span> <span class="toctext">Notes</span></a></li> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-5"><a href="#References"><span class="tocnumber">5</span> <span class="toctext">References</span></a> <ul> <li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-6"><a href="#Bibliography"><span class="tocnumber">5.1</span> <span class="toctext">Bibliography</span></a></li> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> <h2><span class="mw-headline" id="Background">Background</span><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Capture_of_Malta_(218_BC)&amp;action=edit&amp;section=1" title="Edit section: Background"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></h2> <p>Malta had been Carthaginian territory since 480 BC.<sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1">&#91;1&#93;</a></sup> During the <a href="/wiki/First_Punic_War" title="First Punic War">First Punic War</a>, the island suffered a devastating raid by a Roman army under <a href="/wiki/Gaius_Atilius_Regulus_(consul_257_BC)" title="Gaius Atilius Regulus (consul 257 BC)">Gaius Atilius Regulus</a> in 257 BC, but it remained under Carthaginian rule.<sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2">&#91;2&#93;</a></sup> </p><p>When the <a href="/wiki/Second_Punic_War" title="Second Punic War">Second Punic War</a> broke out in 218 BC, a Carthaginian force of around 2,000 men under the command of Hamilcar, son of Gisco<sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4">&#91;a&#93;</a></sup> garrisoned the Maltese Islands.<sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5">&#91;4&#93;</a></sup> Despite the Carthaginian defeat at the <a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Lilybaeum" title="Battle of Lilybaeum">Battle of Lilybaeum</a>, the Romans were concerned that a Carthaginian-led revolt might break out in Sicily.<sup id="cite_ref-castillo-24_6-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-castillo-24-6">&#91;5&#93;</a></sup> In order to prevent this, Malta – Carthage's nearest base to Sicily – had to be captured.<sup id="cite_ref-castillo-24_6-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-castillo-24-6">&#91;5&#93;</a></sup> </p> <h2><span class="mw-headline" id="Capture">Capture</span><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Capture_of_Malta_(218_BC)&amp;action=edit&amp;section=2" title="Edit section: Capture"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></h2> <p>Roman Consul <a href="/wiki/Tiberius_Sempronius_Longus_(consul_218_BC)" title="Tiberius Sempronius Longus (consul 218 BC)">Tiberius Sempronius Longus</a> had over 26,000 men under his command,<sup id="cite_ref-castillo-24_6-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-castillo-24-6">&#91;5&#93;</a></sup> and he sailed his fleet from <a href="/wiki/Lilybaeum" class="mw-redirect" title="Lilybaeum">Lilybaeum</a> in order to capture Malta. Vastly outnumbered, Hamilcar surrendered the main city <a href="/wiki/Melite_(ancient_city)" title="Melite (ancient city)">Maleth</a> and his garrison to the Romans, without much of a fight. The fleet returned to Lilybaeum after a few days, where those who had been captured (with the exception of the nobles) were sold as slaves.<sup id="cite_ref-castillo-25_7-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-castillo-25-7">&#91;6&#93;</a></sup> </p> <h2><span class="mw-headline" id="Analysis">Analysis</span><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Capture_of_Malta_(218_BC)&amp;action=edit&amp;section=3" title="Edit section: Analysis"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></h2> <p>The main source about the invasion is an account by <a href="/wiki/Livy" title="Livy">Livy</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-castillo-25_7-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-castillo-25-7">&#91;6&#93;</a></sup> The role of the Maltese inhabitants during the invasion is unclear, and some historians suggest that they might have turned over the Carthaginian garrison to the Romans.<sup id="cite_ref-castillo-25_7-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-castillo-25-7">&#91;6&#93;</a></sup> The islands were in no position to resist the invasion, and surrendering without a fight was beneficial for the population since it spared the islands from destruction whilst also increasing the possibility for future economic gain.<sup id="cite_ref-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-8">&#91;7&#93;</a></sup> </p><p>Archaeological evidence suggests a significant demographic continuity between the periods of Carthaginian and Roman rule of Malta.<sup id="cite_ref-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-9">&#91;8&#93;</a></sup> The Maltese Islands were given some degree of autonomy under Roman rule, possibly as a reward for the islanders' shift of allegiance.<sup id="cite_ref-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-10">&#91;9&#93;</a></sup> </p> <h2><span class="mw-headline" id="Notes">Notes</span><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Capture_of_Malta_(218_BC)&amp;action=edit&amp;section=4" title="Edit section: Notes"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></h2> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1217336898">.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%;margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist reflist-lower-alpha"> <div class="mw-references-wrap"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-4">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Hamilcar was possibly the brother of Hasdrubal, son of Gisco.<sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3">&#91;3&#93;</a></sup></span> </li> </ol></div></div> <p>he was a sigma </p> <h2><span class="mw-headline" id="References">References</span><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Capture_of_Malta_(218_BC)&amp;action=edit&amp;section=5" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></h2> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1217336898"><div class="reflist reflist-columns references-column-width" style="column-width: 30em;"> <ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-1">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFCastillo2006">Castillo 2006</a>, p.&#160;20</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-2">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFCastillo2006">Castillo 2006</a>, p.&#160;22</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-3">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFHoyos2015">Hoyos 2015</a>, p.&#160;222</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-5">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFCastillo2006">Castillo 2006</a>, p.&#160;23</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-castillo-24-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-castillo-24_6-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-castillo-24_6-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-castillo-24_6-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFCastillo2006">Castillo 2006</a>, p.&#160;24</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-castillo-25-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-castillo-25_7-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-castillo-25_7-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-castillo-25_7-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFCastillo2006">Castillo 2006</a>, p.&#160;25</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-8">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFSagona2015">Sagona 2015</a>, p.&#160;264</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-9"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-9">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFSagona2015">Sagona 2015</a>, p.&#160;265</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-10"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-10">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFSagona2015">Sagona 2015</a>, p.&#160;266</span> </li> </ol></div> <h3><span class="mw-headline" id="Bibliography">Bibliography</span><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Capture_of_Malta_(218_BC)&amp;action=edit&amp;section=6" title="Edit section: Bibliography"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></h3> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1054258005">.mw-parser-output .refbegin{font-size:90%;margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents>ul{margin-left:0}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents>ul>li{margin-left:0;padding-left:3.2em;text-indent:-3.2em}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents ul,.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents ul li{list-style:none}@media(max-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents>ul>li{padding-left:1.6em;text-indent:-1.6em}}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-columns ul{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}</style><div class="refbegin" style=""> <ul><li><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1215172403">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a{background-size:contain}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a{background-size:contain}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a{background-size:contain}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:#d33}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:#d33}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#2C882D;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911F}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error,html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{color:#f8a397}@media(prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error,html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{color:#f8a397}html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911F}}</style><cite id="CITEREFCastillo2006" class="citation book cs1">Castillo, Dennis Angelo (2006). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=i5ns5LNtoiUC"><i>The Maltese Cross: A Strategic History of Malta</i></a>. Greenwood Publishing Group. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a>&#160;<a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9780313323294" title="Special:BookSources/9780313323294"><bdi>9780313323294</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&amp;rft.genre=book&amp;rft.btitle=The+Maltese+Cross%3A+A+Strategic+History+of+Malta&amp;rft.pub=Greenwood+Publishing+Group&amp;rft.date=2006&amp;rft.isbn=9780313323294&amp;rft.aulast=Castillo&amp;rft.aufirst=Dennis+Angelo&amp;rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3Di5ns5LNtoiUC&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACapture+of+Malta+%28218+BC%29" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1215172403"><cite id="CITEREFHoyos2015" class="citation book cs1">Hoyos, Dexter, ed. (2015). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=UzJ3BwAAQBAJ"><i>A Companion to the Punic Wars</i></a>. John Wiley &amp; Sons. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a>&#160;<a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9781119025504" title="Special:BookSources/9781119025504"><bdi>9781119025504</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&amp;rft.genre=book&amp;rft.btitle=A+Companion+to+the+Punic+Wars&amp;rft.pub=John+Wiley+%26+Sons&amp;rft.date=2015&amp;rft.isbn=9781119025504&amp;rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DUzJ3BwAAQBAJ&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACapture+of+Malta+%28218+BC%29" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1215172403"><cite id="CITEREFSagona2015" class="citation book cs1">Sagona, Claudia (2015). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=qR5TCgAAQBAJ"><i>The Archaeology of Malta</i></a>. Cambridge University Press. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a>&#160;<a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9781107006690" title="Special:BookSources/9781107006690"><bdi>9781107006690</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&amp;rft.genre=book&amp;rft.btitle=The+Archaeology+of+Malta&amp;rft.pub=Cambridge+University+Press&amp;rft.date=2015&amp;rft.isbn=9781107006690&amp;rft.aulast=Sagona&amp;rft.aufirst=Claudia&amp;rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DqR5TCgAAQBAJ&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACapture+of+Malta+%28218+BC%29" class="Z3988"></span></li></ul> </div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1061467846"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r886047488">.mw-parser-output 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colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Armed_Forces_of_Malta" title="Armed Forces of Malta">Armed Forces</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Commander_of_the_Armed_Forces_of_Malta" title="Commander of the Armed Forces of Malta">Commander</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Constitution_of_Malta" title="Constitution of Malta">Constitution</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Elections_in_Malta" title="Elections in Malta">Elections</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Foreign_relations_of_Malta" title="Foreign relations of Malta">Foreign relations</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ministry_for_Foreign_and_European_Affairs_(Malta)" title="Ministry for Foreign and European Affairs (Malta)">Ministry for Foreign and European Affairs</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_ministers_for_foreign_affairs_of_Malta" title="List of ministers for foreign affairs of Malta">Minister for Foreign Affairs</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_heads_of_state_of_Malta" title="List of heads of state of Malta">Heads of state</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/LGBT_rights_in_Malta" title="LGBT rights in Malta">LGBT rights</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Local_councils_of_Malta" title="Local councils of Malta">Local councils</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Parliament_of_Malta" title="Parliament of Malta">Parliament</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_political_parties_in_Malta" title="List of political parties in Malta">Political parties</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/President_of_Malta" title="President of Malta">President</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Prime_Minister_of_Malta" title="Prime Minister of Malta">Prime Minister</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_prime_ministers_of_Malta" title="List of prime ministers of Malta">List</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chief_of_Staff_to_the_Prime_Minister_(Malta)" title="Chief of Staff to the Prime Minister (Malta)">Chief of Staff</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Economy_of_Malta" title="Economy of Malta">Economy</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Central_Bank_of_Malta" title="Central Bank of Malta">Central Bank</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Euro" title="Euro">Currency</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Energy_in_Malta" title="Energy in Malta">Energy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Malta_Stock_Exchange" title="Malta Stock Exchange">Stock exchange</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Taxation_in_Malta" title="Taxation in Malta">Taxation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Telecommunications_in_Malta" title="Telecommunications in Malta">Telecommunications</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Category:Trade_unions_in_Malta" title="Category:Trade unions in Malta">Trade unions</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Transport_in_Malta" title="Transport in Malta">Transport</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Category:Society_of_Malta" title="Category:Society of Malta">Society</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Demographics_of_Malta" title="Demographics of Malta">Demographics</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Education_in_Malta" title="Education in Malta">Education</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Emigration_from_Malta" title="Emigration from Malta">Emigration</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Healthcare_in_Malta" title="Healthcare in Malta">Healthcare</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Immigration_to_Malta" title="Immigration to Malta">Immigration</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Languages_of_Malta" title="Languages of Malta">Languages</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Maltese_people" title="Maltese people">People</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Religion_in_Malta" title="Religion in Malta">Religion</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;padding-left:0.5em;padding-right:0.5em;font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Culture_of_Malta" title="Culture of Malta">Culture</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Architecture_of_Malta" title="Architecture of Malta">Architecture</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Maltese_Carnival" title="Maltese Carnival">Carnival</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cinema_of_Malta" title="Cinema of Malta">Cinema</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Coat_of_arms_of_Malta" title="Coat of arms of Malta">Coat of arms</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Maltese_cross" title="Maltese cross">Maltese cross</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Maltese_cuisine" title="Maltese cuisine">Cuisine</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Maltese_wine" title="Maltese wine">Wine</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Flag_of_Malta" title="Flag of Malta">Flag</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Maltese_folklore" title="Maltese folklore">Folklore</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Maltese_literature" title="Maltese literature">Literature</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Music_of_Malta" title="Music of Malta">Music</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_symbols_of_Malta" title="National symbols of Malta">National symbols</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Philosophy_in_Malta" title="Philosophy in Malta">Philosophy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Public_holidays_in_Malta" title="Public holidays in Malta">Public holidays</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sport_in_Malta" title="Sport in Malta">Sport</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_World_Heritage_Sites_in_Malta" title="List of World Heritage Sites in Malta">World Heritage Sites</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="3" style="font-weight:bold;"><div><div style="margin-bottom:-0.4em;"><ul><li><span class="nobold"><a href="/wiki/Outline_of_Malta" title="Outline of Malta">Outline</a></span></li><li><span class="nobold"><a href="/wiki/Index_of_Malta-related_articles" title="Index of Malta-related articles">Index</a></span></li></ul></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Malta" title="Category:Malta">Category</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Portal:Malta" title="Portal:Malta">Portal</a></li></ul></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1061467846"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Battles_of_the_Punic_Wars" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapsed navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="3"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1063604349"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Punic_Wars_navbox" title="Template:Punic Wars navbox"><abbr title="View this template" style=";;background:none transparent;border:none;box-shadow:none;padding:0;">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Punic_Wars_navbox" title="Template talk:Punic Wars navbox"><abbr title="Discuss this template" style=";;background:none transparent;border:none;box-shadow:none;padding:0;">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Punic_Wars_navbox" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Punic Wars navbox"><abbr title="Edit this template" style=";;background:none transparent;border:none;box-shadow:none;padding:0;">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Battles_of_the_Punic_Wars" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em">Battles of the <a href="/wiki/Punic_Wars" title="Punic Wars">Punic Wars</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/First_Punic_War" title="First Punic War">First Punic War</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Treaties_between_Rome_and_Carthage" title="Treaties between Rome and Carthage">Treaties</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Messana" title="Battle of Messana">Messana</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Agrigentum" title="Battle of Agrigentum">Agrigentum</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_the_Lipari_Islands" title="Battle of the Lipari Islands">Lipari Islands</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Mylae" title="Battle of Mylae">Mylae</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Thermae" title="Battle of Thermae">Thermae</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Sulci" title="Battle of Sulci">Sulci</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Tyndaris" title="Battle of Tyndaris">Tyndaris</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Cape_Ecnomus" title="Battle of Cape Ecnomus">Cape Ecnomus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Siege_of_Aspis" title="Siege of Aspis">Aspis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Adys" title="Battle of Adys">Adys</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_the_Bagradas_River_(255_BC)" title="Battle of the Bagradas River (255 BC)">Bagradas (Tunis)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Roman_withdrawal_from_Africa,_255_BC" class="mw-redirect" title="Roman withdrawal from Africa, 255 BC">Cape Hermaeum</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Panormus" title="Battle of Panormus">Panormus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Drepana" title="Battle of Drepana">Drepana</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Siege_of_Lilybaeum_(250%E2%80%93241_BC)" title="Siege of Lilybaeum (250–241 BC)">Lilybaeum</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Siege_of_Drepana" title="Siege of Drepana">Drepana (siege)</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Battle_of_Mount_Ercte&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Battle of Mount Ercte (page does not exist)">Mount Ercte</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=First_Battle_of_Mount_Eryx&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="First Battle of Mount Eryx (page does not exist)">1st Mt. Eryx</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Second_Battle_of_Mount_Eryx&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Second Battle of Mount Eryx (page does not exist)">2nd Mt. Eryx</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_the_Aegates" title="Battle of the Aegates">Aegates</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Treaty_of_Lutatius" title="Treaty of Lutatius">Treaty of Lutatius</a></li></ul> </div></td><td class="noviewer navbox-image" rowspan="4" style="width:1px;padding:0 0 0 2px"><div><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Hannibal_Slodtz_Louvre_MR2093.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/47/Hannibal_Slodtz_Louvre_MR2093.png/90px-Hannibal_Slodtz_Louvre_MR2093.png" decoding="async" width="90" height="151" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/47/Hannibal_Slodtz_Louvre_MR2093.png/135px-Hannibal_Slodtz_Louvre_MR2093.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/47/Hannibal_Slodtz_Louvre_MR2093.png/180px-Hannibal_Slodtz_Louvre_MR2093.png 2x" data-file-width="1784" data-file-height="3000" /></a></span></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Mercenary_War" title="Mercenary War">Mercenary War</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Utica" title="Battle of Utica">Utica</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_the_Bagradas_River_(c._240_BC)" class="mw-redirect" title="Battle of the Bagradas River (c. 240 BC)">Bagradas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hamilcar%27s_victory_with_Naravas" title="Hamilcar&#39;s victory with Naravas">Hamilcar's victory with Naravas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Siege_of_Carthage_(Mercenary_War)" class="mw-redirect" title="Siege of Carthage (Mercenary War)">Carthage</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_the_Saw" title="Battle of the Saw">The Saw</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Siege_of_Tunis_(Mercenary_War)" title="Siege of Tunis (Mercenary War)">Tunis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Leptis_Parva" title="Battle of Leptis Parva">Leptis Parva</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Second_Punic_War" title="Second Punic War">Second Punic War</a><br /><span style="font-size:85%;"><a href="/wiki/List_of_battles_of_the_Second_Punic_War" title="List of battles of the Second Punic War">(Battles)</a></span></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Siege_of_Saguntum" title="Siege of Saguntum">Saguntum</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Lilybaeum" title="Battle of Lilybaeum">Lilybaeum</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Malta</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Rhone_Crossing" title="Battle of Rhone Crossing">Rhone</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hannibal%27s_crossing_of_the_Alps" title="Hannibal&#39;s crossing of the Alps">Crossing of the Alps</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Cissa" title="Battle of Cissa">Cissa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Ticinus" title="Battle of Ticinus">Ticinus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_the_Trebia" title="Battle of the Trebia">Trebia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Ebro_River" title="Battle of Ebro River">Ebro River</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Lake_Trasimene" title="Battle of Lake Trasimene">Lake Trasimene</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Ager_Falernus" title="Battle of Ager Falernus">Ager Falernus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Geronium" title="Battle of Geronium">Geronium</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Cannae" title="Battle of Cannae">Cannae</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Silva_Litana" title="Battle of Silva Litana">Silva Litana</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Nola_(216_BC)" title="Battle of Nola (216 BC)">1st Nola</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Ibera" title="Battle of Ibera">Ibera</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Nola_(215_BC)" title="Battle of Nola (215 BC)">2nd Nola</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Decimomannu" title="Battle of Decimomannu">Decimomannu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Nola_(214_BC)" title="Battle of Nola (214 BC)">3rd Nola</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Beneventum_(214_BC)" title="Battle of Beneventum (214 BC)">1st Beneventum</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Siege_of_Syracuse_(213%E2%80%93212_BC)" title="Siege of Syracuse (213–212 BC)">Syracuse</a> <ul><li><span class="nowrap"><span style="font-size:85%;"><a href="/wiki/Archimedes%27_heat_ray" title="Archimedes&#39; heat ray">Heat ray</a> and <a href="/wiki/Claw_of_Archimedes" title="Claw of Archimedes">Claw of Archimedes</a></span></span></li> <li><span style="font-size:85%;"><a href="/wiki/Sambuca_(siege_engine)" title="Sambuca (siege engine)">Sambuca</a></span></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Tarentum_(212_BC)" title="Battle of Tarentum (212 BC)">1st Tarentum</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Beneventum_(212_BC)" title="Battle of Beneventum (212 BC)">2nd Beneventum</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Capua" title="Battle of Capua">1st Capua</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_the_Silarus" title="Battle of the Silarus">Silarus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Herdonia_(212_BC)" title="Battle of Herdonia (212 BC)">1st Herdonia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_the_Upper_Baetis" title="Battle of the Upper Baetis">Upper Baetis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Siege_of_Capua_(211_BC)" title="Siege of Capua (211 BC)">2nd Capua</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Herdonia_(210_BC)" title="Battle of Herdonia (210 BC)">2nd Herdonia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Numistro" title="Battle of Numistro">Numistro</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Canusium" title="Battle of Canusium">Canusium</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Tarentum_(209_BC)" title="Battle of Tarentum (209 BC)">2nd Tarentum</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_New_Carthage" title="Battle of New Carthage">New Carthage</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Baecula" title="Battle of Baecula">Baecula</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Petelia" title="Battle of Petelia">Petelia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Grumentum" title="Battle of Grumentum">Grumentum</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_the_Metaurus" title="Battle of the Metaurus">Metaurus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Ilipa" title="Battle of Ilipa">Ilipa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mutiny_at_Sucro" title="Mutiny at Sucro">Sucro</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Carteia" title="Battle of Carteia">Carteia (land)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Carteia_(naval)" title="Battle of Carteia (naval)">Carteia (naval)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Crotona" class="mw-redirect" title="Battle of Crotona">Crotona</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Siege_of_Utica_(204_BC)" title="Siege of Utica (204 BC)">1st Utica</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Utica_(203_BC)" title="Battle of Utica (203 BC)">2nd Utica</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_the_Great_Plains" title="Battle of the Great Plains">Great Plains (Bagradas)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Cirta" title="Battle of Cirta">Cirta</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Insubria" title="Battle of Insubria">Insubria</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Zama" title="Battle of Zama">Zama</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Third_Punic_War" title="Third Punic War">Third Punic War</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Lake_Tunis" title="Battle of Lake Tunis">Lake Tunis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/First_Battle_of_Nepheris" class="mw-redirect" title="First Battle of Nepheris">1st Nepheris</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_the_Port_of_Carthage" title="Battle of the Port of Carthage">Port of Carthage</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Nepheris_(147_BC)" title="Battle of Nepheris (147 BC)">2nd Nepheris</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Siege_of_Carthage_(Third_Punic_War)" title="Siege of Carthage (Third Punic War)">Carthage</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="3"><div> <ul><li><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span title="Category"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/16px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/23px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/31px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="180" data-file-height="185" /></span></span> <b><a href="/wiki/Category:Punic_Wars" title="Category:Punic Wars">Category</a></b></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Military_history" title="Military history">Military history</a></b></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div></div>'
Whether or not the change was made through a Tor exit node (tor_exit_node)
false
Unix timestamp of change (timestamp)
'1713841270'
Retrieved from "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:AbuseFilter/examine/log/37542608"